Fig. 301. Starter details: 1 — a starter in gathering; 2 — the traction relay; 3 — a cover with adjustment of an axial backlash in the bearing; 4 — щеткодержатель; 5 — an anchor; 6 — приводная a gear wheel with муфтой a free wheeling; 7 — a cover from outside gear wheels; 8 — an inclusion plug

Engine start-up is carried out by means of a starter. As soon as the ignition key turns in position "start", pressure through the ignition key (the plug 50) on the traction relay located from above of a starter starts to move. The traction relay by means of an inclusion plug moves приводную a gear wheel on a shaft of an anchor with screw шлицами in a direction of a gear wreath of a flywheel of the engine. After the beginning of rotation of an anchor of a starter приводная the gear wheel enters into gearing with a gear wreath of a flywheel and starts to rotate a cranked shaft of the engine (fig. 301).

Possible malfunctions of a starter

The reason	Elimination method
The starter hardly rotates a cranked shaft or at all does not work
The alarm lamp burns low or flickers:	Start up the engine by means of the external power supply or by means of car towage
- The battery is discharged
- Unreliable contact connection on plugs - Batteries or are oxidised plugs	Reliably fix wires on plugs of the battery and clean contacts
- The starter closes on the case	Give a starter to repair
The alarm lamp burns brightly, clicks from outside a starter (works the traction relay) are audible, but the cranked shaft does not rotate:	Give a starter to repair
ослабло fastening of brushes in щеткодержателе	Give a starter to repair or replace
- Have burnt slightly (stick) contacts of the traction relay	Replace the traction relay or give a starter to repair
- Starter windings are damaged	Give a starter to repair or replace
The alarm lamp burns brightly, is not audible clicks of operation of the traction relay:	Check up contact connections
- Unreliable contact connection of the traction relay	Fix contact connection
- Breakage of a chain from the ignition lock to the traction relay	Check up a chain by means of a control lamp
The starter works, but the cranked shaft does not rotate
The gear wheel has worn out приводная	Clear a gear wheel or replace
Jammings in the mechanism of moving of a gear wheel	Give a starter to repair
The gear wreath on a flywheel is damaged	The car with the included one transfer is pushed for displacement of a wreath of a flywheel a little. After that it is possible again to try to start up the engine. Subsequently replace the damaged details
The traction relay joins and switched off, but the cranked shaft does not rotate
The battery is strongly discharged	Charge the battery
The starter anchor continues to rotate, in spite of the fact that the ignition key is not any more in position "start"
Contacts of the traction relay are in the closed condition	Switch off ignition, remove a wire of "weight" from the negative plug of the storage battery. Replace the traction relay or a starter
The drive gear wheel does not leave gearing with a flywheel after engine start-up
Defective returnable spring of a plug of inclusion, the mechanism of a drive of a gear wheel has worn out	Switch off ignition. A starter check up on the test bed. Replace the damaged details or a starter